Case of the Naves Brothers (Portuguese: O Caso dos Irmãos Naves) is a 1967 Brazilian drama film directed by Luis Sérgio Person. Based on the João Alamy Filho novel of the same name, it follows the story of Joaquim and Sebastião Naves, who were arrested during the Estado Novo dictatorship in the 1930's and tortured to confessed a crime they had not committed. Produced during the early years of the Military Dictatorship in Brazil, the film draws parallels with the ongoing human and legal violations perpetrated by the regime.

The film was entered into the 5th Moscow International Film Festival. It was also selected as the Brazilian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 40th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.