Swallowtail Butterfly (Japanese: スワロウテイル, Hepburn: Suwarōteiru, lit. 'Swallowtail') is a 1996 Japanese crime film written, directed and edited by Shunji Iwai, starring Hiroshi Mikami, pop-singer Chara, and Ayumi Ito.

The film was shot on hand-held cameras using jump cuts and other visual techniques. It covers a wide array of themes and genres, from social realism to coming-of-age to crime.

A theme song for the film under Yen Town Band, titled "Swallowtail Butterfly (Ai no Uta)", topped the Oricon Singles Chart on October 7, 1996.