The Childhood of Maxim Gorky (Russian: Детство Горького, romanized: Detstvo Gorkogo, "Gorky's childhood") is a 1938 biopic based on the first part of Russian and Soviet writer Maxim Gorky's three-part autobiography, My Childhood (published 1913–1914). The film shows the earlier years of Alexei Peshkov, better known as Soviet's famous Maxim Gorky; it takes the audience through Alexei's experience at his maternal grandparent's home in the town of Nizhny Novgorod. Alexei interacts with family members, workers of his grandfather's dye factory and local orphan children, all of which impact him.

This film was in 1939 followed by two films covering the second and third parts of his autobiography: My Apprenticeship (based on In the World, published 1916) and My Universities (based on My Universities, published 1923).