
Biografia
Gottfried Wilhelm Bitzer (21 de abril de 1872 - 29 de abril de 1944) foi um cineasta norte-americano, notável por sua estreita associação e trabalho pioneiro com D. W. Griffith. Antes de sua carreira como cameraman, trabalhando como projecionista de cinema, Bitzer desenvolveu tecnologias cinematográficas iniciais para a American Mutoscope Company, eventualmente para se tornar a Biograph Company. Ele admirou e aprendeu a arte da fotografia cinematográfica do inventor Kinetosscope W. K. L. Dickson, que dirigiu os primeiros curtas Biograph em que Bitzer cortou seus dentes. Até 1903, Bitzer foi empregado pela Biograph principalmente como um fotógrafo documentário, e a partir de 1903 em diante principalmente como o fotógrafo de filmes narrativos, como estes ganhou popularidade. Em 1908 Bitzer entrou em sua primeira colaboração com Griffith. Os dois trabalharam juntos para o resto da carreira de Bitzer, deixando o Biograph em 1913 para a Mutual Film Corporation, onde Bitzer continuou a inovar, aperfeiçoando tecnologias existentes e inventando novas.Nessa época, ele foi pioneiro no campo da fotografia mate e fez uso de técnicas de iluminação inovadoras, close-ups, e imagens de iris.Bitzer forneceu assistência durante a estreia diretora de Griffith, The Adventures of Dollie de 1908, que foi filmado por Arthur Marvin.Ele finalmente sucedeu Marvin como o cineasta regular de Griffith, trabalhando com ele em alguns de seus filmes mais importantes e contribuindo significativamente para inovações cinematográficas atribuídas a Griffith.Em 1910, ele fotografou o curta-curta silenciosa de Griffith, Na Velha Califórnia, na aldeia de Los Angeles de "Hollywoodland", qualificando Bitzer como, sem dúvida, o primeiro diretor de fotografia de Hollywood. Rip Van Winkle (1903) apresenta o primeiro close-up conhecido. Os avanços em lentes e filtros desenvolvidos pela Bitzer tornaram possível o foco suave. Foi o primeiro a usar fotografia de tela dividida e retroiluminação, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de iluminação de três pontos. Ele melhorou na câmera desvaneceu e dissolve os efeitos e inventou o que veio a ser conhecido como ferramentas de transição. Mesmo depois da câmera de produção Bell & Howell Modelo 2709 tornou-se o padrão da indústria ele continuou a usar uma Pathe.Para toda sua inovação, Bitzer não sobreviveu à transição da indústria para o som, e em 1944 ele sofreu um ataque cardíaco e morreu em Hollywood.Sua autobiografia, Billy Bitzer: Sua história, foi publicado pós-humo em 1973.Em 2003, uma pesquisa conduzida pelos Cinematografistas Internacionais Guild nomeou-o um dos dez cinematografos mais influentes na história. Bitzer, diz-se, "desenvolvido técnicas de câmera que estabelecem o padrão para todas as imagens de filmes futuros." Entre as inovações de Bitzer foram as seguintes:o fade out para fechar uma cena de filme;o iris filmado onde um círculo fecha para fechar uma cena;foco fotográfico com o auxílio de uma tela de difusão de luz; filmando inteiramente sob iluminação artificial em vez de fora; iluminação, closeups e tiros longos para criar humor;perfeição da fotografia mate.
Filmografia
Tudo 485
Filmes 485
Diretor 44
Escritor 2

Footlight Varieties (1951)

The Camera Speaks (1934)

Hotel Variety (1933)

Lady of the Pavements (1929)

The Battle of the Sexes (1928)

Drums of Love (1928)

The Midnight Girl (1925)

America (1924)

The White Rose (1923)

Órfãs da Tempestade (1921)

Inocente Pecadora (1920)

The Love Flower (1920)

The Idol Dancer (1920)

The Greatest Question (1919)

Scarlet Days (1919)

The Mother and the Law (1919)

The Fall of Babylon (1919)

True Heart Susie (1919)

Lírio Partido (1919)

The Girl Who Stayed at Home (1919)

A Romance of Happy Valley (1919)

The Greatest Thing in Life (1918)

The Great Love (1918)

Hearts of the World (1918)

Intolerância (1916)

O Nascimento de Uma Nação (1915)

His Lesson (1915)

The Avenging Conscience (1914)

The Escape (1914)

Home, Sweet Home (1914)

Brute Force (1914)

The Battle of the Sexes (1914)

Judith of Bethulia (1914)

The Battle at Elderbush Gulch (1913)

Two Men of the Desert (1913)

An Indian's Loyalty (1913)

A Misappropriated Turkey (1913)

During the Round-Up (1913)

The Reformers (1913)

Her Mother's Oath (1913)

The Mothering Heart (1913)

Death's Marathon (1913)

A Timely Interception (1913)

The Sorrowful Shore (1913)

The Ranchero's Revenge (1913)

His Mother's Son (1913)

Just Gold (1913)

Olaf—An Atom (1913)

The Yaqui Cur (1913)

The Stolen Loaf (1913)

The House of Darkness (1913)

The Wanderer (1913)

The Lady and the Mouse (1913)

A Misunderstood Boy (1913)

The Little Tease (1913)

The Perfidy of Mary (1913)

The Hero of Little Italy (1913)

The Sheriff's Baby (1913)

Fate (1913)

Near To Earth (1913)

The Unwelcome Guest (1913)

Broken Ways (1913)

Love in an Apartment Hotel (1913)

A Chance Deception (1913)

Brothers (1913)

The Tender Hearted Boy (1913)

An Adventure in the Autumn Woods (1913)

Pirate Gold (1913)

The Telephone Girl and the Lady (1913)

Three Friends (1913)

The God Within (1912)

A Cry for Help (1912)

The Massacre (1912)

The Burglar’s Dilemma (1912)

My Hero (1912)

The New York Hat (1912)

Brutality (1912)

The Informer (1912)

My Baby (1912)

Gold and Glitter (1912)

Heredity (1912)

Os Mosqueteiros de Pig Alley (1912)

The Painted Lady (1912)

The One She Loved (1912)

In the Aisles of the Wild (1912)

A Feud in the Kentucky Hills (1912)

So Near, Yet So Far (1912)

Friends (1912)

Two Daughters of Eve (1912)

An Unseen Enemy (1912)

A Pueblo Legend (1912)

With the Enemy's Help (1912)

The Inner Circle (1912)

The Narrow Road (1912)

Man's Genesis (1912)

An Indian Summer (1912)

The School Teacher and the Waif (1912)

Lena and the Geese (1912)

A Temporary Truce (1912)

Home Folks (1912)

A Beast at Bay (1912)

When Kings Were the Law (1912)

A Lodging for the Night (1912)

The Old Actor (1912)

The Lesser Evil (1912)

One Is Business, the Other Crime (1912)

Just Like a Woman (1912)

The Female of the Species (1912)

A Siren of Impulse (1912)

Fate's Interception (1912)

The Girl and Her Trust (1912)

The Goddess of Sagebrush Gulch (1912)

Iola's Promise (1912)

The Sunbeam (1912)

The Sands of Dee (1912)

Under Burning Skies (1912)

The Mender of Nets (1912)

Billy's Stratagem (1912)

The Transformation of Mike (1912)

The Eternal Mother (1912)

The Baby and the Stork (1912)

A Terrible Discovery (1911)

Saved from Himself (1911)

The Failure (1911)

A Woman Scorned (1911)

The Miser's Heart (1911)

Through Darkening Vales (1911)

The Battle (1911)

Love in the Hills (1911)

The Long Road (1911)

The Adventures of Billy (1911)

Italian Blood (1911)

The Making of a Man (1911)

The Revenue Man and His Girl (1911)

The Squaw's Love (1911)

Swords and Hearts (1911)

The Rose of Kentucky (1911)

The Last Drop of Water (1911)

A Country Cupid (1911)

The Indian Brothers (1911)

Bobby the Coward (1911)

Fighting Blood (1911)

The Primal Call (1911)

Enoch Arden (1911)

Enoch Arden: Part II (1911)

Enoch Arden: Part I (1911)

Madame Rex (1911)

The Lonedale Operator (1911)

Conscience (1911)

A Decree of Destiny (1911)

The Lily of the Tenements (1911)

His Daughter (1911)

The Diamond Star (1911)

Fisher Folks (1911)

What Shall We Do with Our Old? (1911)

Heart Beats of Long Ago (1911)

Three Sisters (1911)

A Wreath of Orange Blossoms (1911)

Fate's Turning (1911)

His Trust Fulfilled (1911)

His Trust (1911)

The Italian Barber (1911)

When a Man Loves (1911)

The Two Paths (1911)

Winning Back His Love (1910)

White Roses (1910)

The Lesson (1910)

His Sister-In-Law (1910)

The Golden Supper (1910)

A Plain Song (1910)

The Song of the Wildwood Flute (1910)

Sunshine Sue (1910)

Simple Charity (1910)

The Fugitive (1910)

Waiter No. 5 (1910)

Two Little Waifs (1910)

The Message of the Violin (1910)

The Banker's Daughters (1910)

The Broken Doll (1910)

That Chink at Golden Gulch (1910)

A Child's Stratagem (1910)

The Iconoclast (1910)

Examination Day at School (1910)

Rose o' Salem Town (1910)

The Oath and the Man (1910)

In Life's Cycle (1910)

A Mohawk's Way (1910)

Little Angels of Luck (1910)

A Summer Idyll (1910)

The Modern Prodigal (1910)

Wilful Peggy (1910)

The Sorrows of the Unfaithful (1910)

The Usurer (1910)

A Salutary Lesson (1910)

The House with Closed Shutters (1910)

Her Father's Pride (1910)

An Arcadian Maid (1910)

Unexpected Help (1910)

The Call to Arms (1910)

A Child's Impulse (1910)

A Flash of Light (1910)

What the Daisy Said (1910)

Muggsy's First Sweetheart (1910)

As the Bells Rang Out! (1910)

In the Border States (1910)

A Victim of Jealousy (1910)

Serious Sixteen (1910)

A Child's Faith (1910)

A Child of the Ghetto (1910)

A Midnight Cupid (1910)

In the Season of Buds (1910)

The Purgation (1910)

Ramona (1910)

The Marked Time-Table (1910)

Over Silent Paths (1910)

The Two Brothers (1910)

The Face at the Window (1910)

Love Among the Roses (1910)

O Mar Imutável (1910)

The Impalement (1910)

A Romance of the Western Hills (1910)

A Rich Revenge (1910)

As It Is in Life (1910)

The Twisted Trail (1910)

Faithful (1910)

The Gold Seekers (1910)

The Way of the World (1910)

In Old California (1910)

The Thread of Destiny (1910)

Thou Shalt Not (1910)

The Newlyweds (1910)

Gold Is Not All (1910)

The Englishman and the Girl (1910)

The Duke’s Plan (1910)

The Converts (1910)

The Woman from Mellon's (1910)

The Cloister’s Touch (1910)

The Last Deal (1910)

The Call (1910)

On the Reef (1910)

Her Terrible Ordeal (1910)

Taming a Husband (1910)

His Last Burglary (1910)

The Final Settlement (1910)

The Rocky Road (1910)

The Heart of an Outlaw (1909)

The Day After (1909)

To Save Her Soul (1909)

In Little Italy (1909)

A Trap for Santa Claus (1909)

The Test (1909)

A Corner in Wheat (1909)

The Redman's View (1909)

Through the Breakers (1909)

The Death Disc: A Story of the Cromwellian Period (1909)

In the Window Recess (1909)

The Trick that Failed (1909)

The Mountaineer's Honor (1909)

A Sweet Revenge (1909)

A Midnight Adventure (1909)

The Light That Came (1909)

Nursing a Viper (1909)

What's Your Hurry? (1909)

The Gibson Goddess (1909)

Lines of White on a Sullen Sea (1909)

In the Watches of the Night (1909)

The Children's Friend (1909)

The Expiation (1909)

His Lost Love (1909)

The Little Teacher (1909)

Fools of Fate (1909)

Pippa Passes (1909)

Wanted, a Child (1909)

The Awakening (1909)

Leather Stocking (1909)

In Old Kentucky (1909)

The Broken Locket (1909)

Getting Even (1909)

Comata, the Sioux (1909)

1776, or The Hessian Renegades (1909)

The Sealed Room (1909)

The Little Darling (1909)

The Mills of the Gods (1909)

Oh, Uncle! (1909)

The Seventh Day (1909)

The Indian Runner's Romance (1909)

Mrs. Jones’ Lover or, I Want My Hat (1909)

His Wife's Visitor (1909)

They Would Elope (1909)

Mr. Jones’ Burglar (1909)

The Mended Lute (1909)

A Strange Meeting (1909)

The Slave (1909)

Sweet and Twenty (1909)

The Renunciation (1909)

A New Trick (1909)

Tender Hearts (1909)

The Cardinal's Conspiracy (1909)

Jealousy and the Man (1909)

The Country Doctor (1909)

The Necklace (1909)

The Way of Man (1909)

The Peachbasket Hat (1909)

The Mexican Sweethearts (1909)

The Faded Lilies (1909)

Her First Biscuits (1909)

The Son's Return (1909)

A Vila Solitária (1909)

The Violin Maker of Cremona (1909)

What Drink Did (1909)

Eradicating Aunty (1909)

His Duty (1909)

The Cricket on the Hearth (1909)

Eloping with Auntie (1909)

Two Memories (1909)

Resurrection (1909)

The Jilt (1909)

A Baby's Shoe (1909)

Jones and the Lady Book Agent (1909)

The Suicide Club (1909)

The Eavesdropper (1909)

Tis an Ill Wind That Blows No Good (1909)

Lucky Jim (1909)

Drive for a Life (1909)

A Troublesome Satchel (1909)

Lady Helen's Escapade (1909)

Confidence (1909)

The Winning Coat (1909)

Schneider’s Anti-Noise Crusade (1909)

A Rude Hostess (1909)

Trying to Get Arrested (1909)

A Drunkard's Reformation (1909)

Jones and His New Neighbors (1909)

The Medicine Bottle (1909)

A Burglar’s Mistake (1909)

The Deception (1909)

And a Little Child Shall Lead Them (1909)

The Voice of the Violin (1909)

The Lure of the Gown (1909)

I Did It (1909)

The Salvation Army Lass (1909)

The Wooden Leg (1909)

The Roue’s Heart (1909)

Fool's Revenge (1909)

The Prussian Spy (1909)

At the Altar (1909)

The Politician's Love Story (1909)

The Hindoo Dagger (1909)

The Joneses Have Amateur Theatricals (1909)

His Ward's Love (1909)

The Curtain Pole (1909)

Tragic Love (1909)

A Wreath in Time (1909)

Edgar Allan Poe (1909)

The Brahma Diamond (1909)

The Girls and Daddy (1909)

The Cord of Life (1909)

The Welcome Burglar (1909)

Those Awful Hats (1909)

Mr. Jones Has a Card Party (1909)

The Fascinating Mrs. Francis (1909)

The Criminal Hypnotist (1909)

Those Boys! (1909)

The Sacrifice (1909)

A Rural Elopement (1909)

Love Finds a Way (1909)

The Honor of Thieves (1909)

Mrs. Jones Entertains (1909)

The Maniac Cook (1909)

Mr. Jones at the Ball (1908)

The Christmas Burglars (1908)

The Test of Friendship (1908)

The Reckoning (1908)

The Feud and the Turkey (1908)

Money Mad (1908)

The Valet's Wife (1908)

The Clubman and the Tramp (1908)

The Ingrate (1908)

The Song of the Shirt (1908)

The Guerrilla (1908)

The Taming of the Shrew (1908)

The Pirate's Gold (1908)

After Many Years (1908)

Concealing a Burglar (1908)

Romance of a Jewess (1908)

The Planter's Wife (1908)

The Vaquero's Vow (1908)

Ingomar, the Barbarian (1908)

Father Gets in the Game (1908)

The Zulu's Heart (1908)

The Devil (1908)

The Stolen Jewels (1908)

A Smoked Husband (1908)

Where the Breakers Roar (1908)

Monday Morning in a Coney Island Police Court (1908)

Betrayed by a Handprint (1908)

The Man and the Woman (1908)

A Calamitous Elopement (1908)

Deceived Slumming Party (1908)

The Red Man and the Child (1908)

The Black Viper (1908)

The Fight for Freedom (1908)

The Adventures of Dollie (1908)

The Stage Rustler (1908)

The Kentuckian (1908)

At the Crossroads of Life (1908)

At the French Ball (1908)

Over the Hills to the Poor House (1908)

The Man in the Box (1908)

The Invisible Fluid (1908)

Thompson's Night Out (1908)

When Knights Were Bold (1908)

The Sculptor's Nightmare (1908)

The Music Master (1908)

The King's Messenger (1908)

Hulda's Lovers (1908)

King of the Cannibal Islands (1908)

Old Isaacs, the Pawnbroker (1908)

Caught by Wireless (1908)

Her First Adventure (1908)

The Boy Detective, or The Abductors Foiled (1908)

Yellow Peril (1908)

Classmates (1908)

Falsely Accused! (1908)

The Hypnotist's Revenge (1907)

Married for Millions (1906)

From Leadville to Aspen: A Hold-Up in the Rockies (1906)

Holdup of the Rocky Mountain Express (1906)

A Trip to Berkeley, Cal (1906)

San Francisco Disaster (1906)

The Black Hand (1906)

The Impossible Convicts (1906)

San Francisco: Aftermath of Earthquake (1906)

Funeral of Hiram Cronk (1905)

Duel Scene from Macbeth (1905)

A Ballroom Tragedy (1905)

New York Subway (1905)

Spirit of '76 (1905)

Latina, Contortionist (1905)

A Pipe Dream (1905)

Tom, Tom, the Piper's Son (1905)

2 A.M. in the Subway (1905)

The Chicken Thief (1904)

Personal (1904)

Coil Winding Section E (1904)

The Lost Child (1904)

The Moonshiner (1904)

A Cake Walk on the Beach at Coney Island (1904)

Panorama View, Street Car Motor Room (1904)

Assembling a Generator (1904)

Testing Large Turbines, Westinghouse Co. Works (1904)

Testing a Rotary (1904)

Westinghouse Air Brake Co. (Casting Scene) (1904)

Panorama of Machine Co. Aisle (1904)

Tapping a Furnace (1904)

Steam Hammer (1904)

Girls Taking Time Checks (1904)

Steam Whistle (1904)

The Widow and the Only Man (1904)

Westinghouse Works (1904)

A Frontier Flirtation; or, How the Tenderfoot Won Out (1903)

The Fate of the Artist's Model (1903)

A Search for Evidence (1903)

The Dude and the Burglars (1903)

Betsy Ross Dance (1903)

Happy Hooligan Interferes (1903)

The Georgetown Loop (Colorado) (1903)

The Georgetown Loop (1901)

President McKinley Taking the Oath (1901)

President McKinley Inauguration (1901)

Jeffries-Sharkey Contest (1899)

Panorama from the Tower of the Brooklyn Bridge (1899)

Stealing a Dinner (1899)

President McKinley's Inauguration (1897)

Rip's Toast (1896)

Rip's Toast to Hudson (1896)

Rip's Twenty Years' Sleep (1896)

Awakening of Rip (1896)

Rip Leaving Sleepy Hollow (1896)

Rip Meeting the Dwarf (1896)

Rip Passing Over the Mountain (1896)

Exit of Rip and the Dwarf (1896)

McKinley at Home, Canton, Ohio (1896)

Little Egypt (1896)

Dancing Darkies (1896)
Classificações
Em formação
Conhecido(a) porCamera
GêneroMasculino
Nascimento1872-04-21
Dia da morte1944-04-29 (72 anos)
Nome de nascençaGottfried Wilhelm Bitzer
Local de nascimentoRoxbury, United States of America
CidadaniasUnited States of America
Também conhecido(a) comoGeorg William Bitzer, G.W. Bitzer, Johann Gottlob Wilhelm Bitzer, Georg William 'Billy' Bitzer
This article uses material from Wikipedia.