The 2006 Royal Rumble was the 19th annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown! brand divisions. The event took place on January 29, 2006, in the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. As has been customary since 1993, the Royal Rumble match winner received a world championship match at that year's WrestleMania. For the 2006 event, the winner received their choice to challenge for either Raw's WWE Championship or SmackDown!'s World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania 22.

Six professional wrestling matches were featured on the event's supercard, a scheduling of more than one main event. The main feature of the event was the 2006 Royal Rumble match, which featured wrestlers from both brands.

SmackDown!'s Rey Mysterio, the second entrant, won the match by last eliminating Randy Orton, the thirtieth entrant, also from SmackDown!. The primary match on the SmackDown! brand, which was the main event match of the card, was Kurt Angle versus Mark Henry for the World Heavyweight Championship, which Angle won to retain the title. The predominant match on the Raw brand was Edge versus John Cena for the WWE Championship, which Cena won to win the title.